System Dynamics in K-12 Education: Moving Forward
By Lees Stuntz and Deb Lyneis
Abstract Fifteen years ago in 1992, Jay Forrester laid the cornerstones for a more effective kindergarten through 12th grade (K-12) education based on system dynamics. In this paper, teachers and other educators who have been implementing system dynamics and systems thinking in schools across the United States reflect on their progress. Although all of the educators have been encouraged and inspired by student engagement and insight using system dynamics in their classrooms, wider adoption has encountered obstacles. Strategies to overcome them include: improving the quality and quantity of system dynamics curriculum materials and training opportunities for teachers, integrating the use of systems thinking tools with system dynamics simulation to give students the full benefit of both, seeking ways to work within the K-12 institution to effect change, and working together to learn from successes and mistakes.
高中(K-12)系统动力学: 前景展望
作者: Lees Stuntz and Deb Lyneis
摘要 - 十五年前于1992年, Jay Forrester铺下了基于系统动力学的一种更有效的从幼儿园到高中毕业的教育系统的奠基石. 在这篇文章里, 美国各地曾经应用系统动力学和系统思考教学的教师和其它教育工作者们将反思他们的进程. 尽管所有教育工作者们都被学生在课堂上的投入所鼓舞, 被学生在课堂上运用系统动力学所展现的洞察力激励, 但是更广泛的接受系统动力学仍然面对着障碍. 跨越这些障碍的策略包括: 提高系统动力教程材料以及教师培训的质量, 将系统思考的工具集成到系统动力仿真中使学生一举两得在系统思考和系统动力双双获益, 寻找能和k-12高中教育系统合作去改变现状的途径, 相互学习,取长补短.
Developing a Systems Thinking Capacity in Learners of all Ages
By Tracy Benson
Abstract - Schools across the United States and throughout the world are actively pursuing the advantages of integrating systems thinking in classrooms and schools. The benefits of such approaches are both immediate to student achievement goals and long-lasting as systems citizens are developed. While many educators view secondary schools as logical entry points for the introduction of systems thinking concepts and tools, it can be argued that children as young as five years old benefit from systems thinking classrooms. Building a systems thinking capacity in learners of all ages is a worthy investment as educators prepare young people of today so they are ready to solve the problems of tomorrow.
培养各年龄段学生的 “系统思考”能力
作者: Tracy Benson
摘要: 全美甚至全世界的学校都在积极地寻求把系统思考溶入课堂和学校的优势和益处. 把系统思考溶入教学的好处对于学生短期目标的实现是立竿见影的. 而且,对于 “系统公民”的培养, 这种方法还有着长远的意义. 很多教育学家认为从中学开始给学生介绍系统思考的逻辑理念和工具是合理的,但是小到五岁的小孩子也能从系统思考的学习中受益的观点也值得探讨. 所以, 当教育者在训练当今的年青人为解决明天的难题作准备的时候,在各年龄段的学生中培养一种 “系统思考”的能力是一项很有价值的投资.
System Dynamics: A systems science framework for building and communicating understanding in a “flat world”
By Chris Soderquist, President Pontifex Consulting
Abstract – The challenges facing future generations are increasing in complexity due to globalization, growing interdependence, and the accelerating rate of change. These challenges fit the definition of adaptive challenges, and require thinking in more holistic and innovative ways (double-loop learning). Learning “how to learn” is the single most important skill for this “flat world.” Several disciplines, grouped under the heading of “systems sciences,” offer the potential to improve our learning ability. One discipline, system dynamics, contains many attributes that make it an ideal approach for education. These attributes overcome several limitations humans exhibit when dealing with complex systems. The experiential nature of the approach makes it effective in accommodating a variety of learning styles. Most importantly, the process provides a learning framework supporting double-loop learning. Several recent innovations in delivery and technology (including learning labs, story telling, and web simulations) increase the effectiveness of the system dynamics approach.
系统动力学: 一个建立和交流对 “平面世界”的理解的系统科学框架
作者: Chris Soderquist, President Pontifex Consulting
摘要: 由于世界越来越国际化, 越来越相互依存,变化也越来越快, 未来时代面临的挑战将更加复杂. 这些挑战就叫作 “适应性挑战”, 它需要更全面,更创新的思维方式 (双回路的学习方式). 学习 “怎样学习”是对于这个 “平面世界”极为重要的技能. 归类在 “系统科学” 里的若干原则, 为提高我们的学习能力提供了可能. 其中之一的原则, 即系统动力学, 包含了许多让它成为理想的教育方法的特点. 这些特点克服了很多人类在处理复杂系统时表现出来的局限性. 这种方法的可试性让它在适应不同的学习方式中表现得很有效. 最为重要的是, 这个过程提供了一种支持 “双回路的学习方式”的学习框架. 好些最近的在传送以及科技领域里的创新(包括学习实验室, 故事讲述和网络仿真)更是增加了系统动力学方式的有效性.
Systems Thinking: The Evolution of a Discipline and its Markets
By Joanne Egner
Abstract – Systems Thinking offers a disciplined methodology for understanding the dynamic relationships included in any complex system for the purpose of study or effecting positive change. Despite the power of this methodology to guide academic study or improvements in the environment, health care, manufacturing, or any practice area, adoption rates have been slow and steady rather than explosive. This paper examines the evolution of Systems Thinking and discusses the challenges and opportunities to expand its use in educational, research, and business settings.
系统思考: 此学科的发展过程和它的市场状况
作者: Joanne Egner
摘要: 系统思考提供了一种科学的方法去理解在任何复杂系统中的动态关系以寻求最终研究和解决改善系统的办法. 虽然系统思考在指引学术研究以及在改善环境, 改进医疗卫生, 制造业, 甚至改善任何领域都是一种强有力的工具, 但是它的推广并不是爆破性的而是以一种稳定的步伐缓慢的增长. 本文将阐述系统思考的演化和发展过程并讨论拓宽它在教育, 科研和商业领域应用的机遇和挑战.
Finding Common Solutions to Global Problems: The Vermont-Nanjing System Dynamics Collaboration
By Robert Skiff, Jr.
Abstract – Beginning to apply system dynamics and systems thinking methodology to real-world problem solving within secondary schools is essential to improving multidisciplinary critical thinking skills while honing core science, technology, engineering, and math skills. Learning these skills within an international collaboration framework also engages students in their studies and encourages mutual empathy in exploring complex, interconnected challenges of the 21st Century. The Nanjing Education Technology Center and the Vermont Commons School recently completed a pilot year collaboration that can be used to improve and re-structure secondary school pedagogy and inspire development of new systems thinking curriculum content for the US and China.
寻求解决全球问题的共通方法: 佛蒙特-南京系统动力学合作
作者: Robert Skiff, Jr.
摘要: 在重视中学生的科学,科技, 工程, 数学技能的学习的同时, 开始学会利用系统动力学的知识解决现实生活中的问题对于培养和提高学生的创造性思维也一样至关重要. 以跨国合作的行式来学习这些技能, 能让学生投入地学习, 也能激发学生在探索复杂交错的二十一世纪挑战的过程中惺惺相惜. 南京市电化教育馆和佛蒙特预备中学 (Vermont Commons School)已顺利地完成了第一年的试点合作. 这项合作将会被作为最好的例证来提高和重建中学教育学. 这项试点合作并能鼓励美国和中国新的系统思考学教程的制定和发展.
|
|||||
主办：中国科技开发院江苏分院 协办：南京市电化教育馆